Ratchet-wrench.



No. 768,220. PATENTED AUG. 23, 1904. '0. B. GRAGEY.

RATGHET WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1904;

N0 MODEL.

12 M 7 //%//A g a Wifiwses: r a a UNITED STATES Patented August 23,1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

OF ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM T.

SYLVANIA.

TREDWAY, OF PITTSBURG, PENN RATCHET-WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Iaetters Patent No. 768,220, dated August23 1904.

Application file March 9, 1904' To all whont it may concern: 7

Be it knownthat I, CHARLES B. GRAcEY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Coraopolis, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRatchet-Wrenches, of which the following is a specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying .drawings.

My invention refers to an improvement in ratchet-wrenches or othersimilar devices wherein ratchets are employed, and has particularreference to the construction of the pawl and the manner of itsoperation, so as to provide for operation in either direction withoutchanging the position of the wrench.

The invention also includes certain other features of improvement, whichshall be more fully hereinafter described.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the wrench, showing a pawlin operative engagement on one side. Fig. 2 is as'imilar view showingthe pawl reversed. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view indicated bythe line III III of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, 2 2 are the sides comprising the handles,which are extended separately, terminating in circular bearings 3, inwhich is mounted the bushing 4, having the central nut-opening 5. Thisopening may be entirely through the bushing, as shown,

terminating at opposite sides in nut-cavities 6, which I prefer to makeof different sizes, so as to permit of the same wrench being used uponcorrespondinglydifferent sizes of nuts, or may be merely provided withthe nut-cavities at each side. This is feasible by reason of myimprovedconstruction'of reversible pawl, permitting. the wrench to beused in either direction without reversal. The bushing 4 is providedwith a centrally-arranged peripheral series of ratchet-teeth 7 extendingbeyond the general bearing diameter of the bushing, by which it isretained between the opposite bearings 3, beyond which the bushingpreferably extends somewhat at each side. 1 The sides 2 are heldtogether by rivets or bolts 8 of any convenient number, a space SerialNo. 197,246. (No model.)

being provided for sufficient distance back of the bushing between thesides for the inser- :tion of the pawl and its controlling mechanism.

9.is the pawl, pivoted between the sides '2 upona centrally-arrangedbolt or pin 10, the pawl having oppositely-extended engaging terminals11 11, adapted to be thrown alternately into engagement with the teeth'7. These teeth are of such a form.-preferably Vshaped as to presentabutting shoulders at each side for engagement by the pawl.

For the purpose of positively holding one or the other of theterminals-11 into engagement at one side or the other I have provided animproved means for exerting constant pressure upon the pawl to one sideor the other of the pivotal center 10. The pressure-exerting meansconsists of a coiled compressionspring 12, surrounding a pin or bolt 13,which is provided with a reinforced connecting portion at one end and ispivoted by a pin or bolt 14 to the pawl or to a projection thereon,

located outwardly beyond the pivotal center 10 sufficiently far topermit the spring 12 to exert its pressure to the one side or the otherof the axial center of the wrench or of the normal center of the springwhen the pawl is in a middle inoperative position. It will be observedthat by so connecting the spring and its pin 13, which constitutes aguide for the spring, that the desired result will be obtained and thatby merely depressing that terminal of the pawl which is out ofengagement into engagement with the teeth of the bushing at that sidethe other terminal will be raised away from the teeth and the pivotalcenter 14 will be thrown over to the other side beyond the dead-center.In either position the spring will constantly exert a pressure acting tohold the engaging terminal of the pawl in controlling operation untilrelieved by the reversing operation.

The pin 13 is preferably provided with an abutment at its base againstwhich the spring,

bears, and at its other end any suitable hearing for the spring may beprovided, as a projection 15, around which the spring will nest, or asocket into which it may be seated, such centering elements being formedin the wrench between the sides in any suitable manner.

The advantages of my invention will be appreciated by those accustomedto the use of such tools. It is capable of application in contractedlocations, is very powerful, economical in construction, and not liableto get out of order. The ease and facility in changing the pawl addgreatly to the operative efficiency and permit the use of .variablesizes of nut-cavities at each side, owing to the double action of thewrench.

My improved pawl and its controlling mechanism is applicable to variousother devices or mechanism, and I do not desire to be limited in itsapplication to a wrench, but to include within the scope of thefollowing claims all such changes or variations in adaptation, design,or construction as are within the province of the skilled mechanic.

What I claim is- 1. In a ratchet-wrench, the combination ofoppositely-located connected sides provided with bearing extremities, arotatable bushing provided with peripheral ratchet-teeth mounted betweenthe bearing extremities, a. double terminal pawl pivoted midway betweenits sides and provided with an extended pivotinglug, a stem pivotedthereto, an opposite hearing projection, and a pawl-operating springlug, a stem pivoted thereto, an opposite bearing projection integralwith one of the wrench sides, and a pawl-operating spring surroundingsaid stem and projection, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I. ailix my sign ature in presence of twowitnesses.

CHARLES 1%. (RRAUEY. \Vitnesscs:

C. M. CLARKE, J AMES M00. MlLLlGR.

